A Review on Male Fertility

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves stem-cell renewal, genome reorganization and genome repackaging, and that culminates in the production of motile gametes. Problems at all stages of spermatogenesis contribute to human infertility. Male infertility, is characterized by hypogonadism, decreased semen quality or ejaculatory dysfunction, accounts for approximately 20% of infertility cases. The main cause for infertility apoptosis. Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death in contrast to necrosis, which represents "accidental cell death," plays an important role in spermatogenesis. excessive alcohol intake resulted in Leydig cell apoptosis, while cocaine resulted in mitochondrial apoptosis, excessive alcohol intake resulted in Leydig cell apoptosis, while cocaine resulted in mitochondrial apoptosis. Men with severe oligozoospermia less than 1 to 5 x 10 sperm/ml are considered as a male infertility by diagnosis. Studies on male infertility, potentially opening the door for treatment advances for improving spermatogenesis. Newer techniques like sperm retrieval and VE modifications are promising and becoming increasingly more popular for the estimation of damage of certain DNA is responsible for male infertility.